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The Shroud of Turin Auto Stereoscopic Data Research
By Eugene Nemirovskiy, 2003
 
Detail from the Shroud of Turin (I.)
A Primitive Rendering in Auto Stereoscopic Imaging
 
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
All recovered 3-D data on this media is an intellectual property of Eugene Nemirovskiy.
All rights reserved.
© Eugene Nemirovskiy 2003
 
Detail from the Shroud of Turin (II.)
 
SHROUD OF TURIN ANALYSIS
A face image on The Shroud of Turin (TSOT) was analyzed with an image density reading means. This means creates parallaxes of image areas in mathematically accurate linear proportions to corresponding densities of said areas. Another set of means was used to convert digitally recorded parallaxes into 3-D volumetric image on a flat optical media in accordance with optical characteristics of said media. Thereby perceived image three-dimensionality would proportionally correspond to all image area's densities.
 
For correct visualization of future 3-D image researching means rendered darker areas as deeper than brighter ones. Such rendition was selected out of four possible combinations for TSOT image and its 3-D data rendition:
1.  a) The image is a "negative"
     b) Darker is rendered as "deeper"
     Resulting 3-D image is a "negative", pseudoscopic¹ and concave. It is like an interior of a death mask.
2.  a) The image is a "negative"
     b) Brighter is rendered as "deeper"
     Resulting 3-D image is a "negative", stereoscopic and convex.
3.  a) The image is a "positive"
     b) Darker is rendered as "deeper"
     Resulting 3-D image is a "positive", stereoscopic and convex (see animated file)².
4.  a) The image is a "positive"
     b) Brighter is rendered as "deeper"
     Resulting 3-D image is a "positive", pseudoscopic and concave.
     Only #3 is acceptable for proper visualization.
 
Facts
First observations of a volumetric image was created thus revealing the following:
1. The image consists of 100% continuous depth areas (non-layered).
2. All areas of the image including: deepest, most outstanding, and mid-areas are in true 3-D human face proportions.
3. Most parts of: the nose, forehead, cheekbones, front, and left parts of hair are in the same plane.
4. Some parts of the nose, forehead, beard, and hair are in the same most outstanding plane. There are no parts of the image in front of this plane. Some areas (especially on the forehead) are abnormally dark and deep. They appear to be missing parts in the original subject, which is white (no image) in these areas rather than an "artist's" mistake.
 
Conclusions and personal opinions
3-D volumetric analysis is one of most powerful methods of verifying a fake. For example it was used to test fake money. An original bill and an examined one were put under stereoscope lenses, so each eye could see only one of bills. The most accurate fakes that nobody could tell they were fakes failed in this test. Even the slightest differences in drawings are instantly perceived by the human brain and translated as parallax values (depth). So a composite image of the bill is perceived with bumps and holes. If it is flat, then an examined bill isn't a fake.
     To create a fake image with 3-D data in it is a far more complex task. TSOT image has a very low density contrast. This image is also a depth map itself. Its depth contrast (distance between a very front and a very back planes) is very low as well. Its depth contrast is thousands of times lower than in a recovered contrast enhanced 3-D image. The slightest painter's mistake in image density even if invisible to the eye on TSOT would result in thousands of times depth disproportion. It is an impossible task to paint a regular "positive" of such contrast when human can understand a painted image. No one can paint a "negative" because the human brain does not convert black to white and vice-versa. We simply can not conceive "negatives".
     What about density control for proportional 3-D data on a "negative"? Complexity of this task increases exponentially. It's not all. The most difficult problem is the fact that TSOT image has 3-D data that isn't stereoscopic. TSOT 3-D data is pseudoscopic. Stereoscopic conversion occurs only when TSOT original image is converted to a "positive".
     To visualize the pseudoscopic effect the left eye must see what the right eye sees and the right eye must see what the left eye sees. Pseudoscopic 3-D volumetric image can not be comprehended nor imagined in the human mind. There is no need to describe difficulties to fake TSOT pseudoscopic image because this process would be against the laws of nature, like water falling "UP". If one was to create TSOT image, one had to paint low contrast true proportional 3-D pseudoscopic "negative" image-map. Even in a modern computer era, to do this is as possible as to fly to the Moon on one's own by flopping one's arms. TSOT can only be created naturally without human intervention.
 
The overall image looks like a dead man (eyes are very deep) in a vertical position. In a horizontal position most of the subject's hair wouldn't be forward on 3-D image. The hair's position gives the perspective that the body was in a vertical position. Such vertical position effect had been occurred due to two reasons. First when a shroud covers a body, it touches the most outstanding parts. In this case these are the: nose, chin, forehead, beard, and hair. Therefore they were imprinted on TSOT with maximum density. Second TSOT had been flattened. All can be seen is an image of body's layout. All halftones correspond to distances between body areas and corresponding covering areas of the shroud. It proves that 3-D data on TSOT is a map of distances between the body and the shroud. No parts of the body appear on 3-D image in front of a very front plane. It proves that this plane coincides with TSOT surface. Thereby TSOT image is not a result of any kind of a radial projection. It appears to be a result of TSOT and the body interaction.
     One version of how the image on TSOT appeared involves an electrostatic discharge creating process as in electro-photography. One difference is an electrostatic latent image on a naturally electrified shroud (all fabrics normally have some static on their surfaces) was created not by an incident light but by electrically conductive body. Areas of full body/shroud contact were completely discharged and allowed for maximum absorption of decomposing body particles and vapors. Other areas became less discharged depending on the distances between the shroud and the body. Synthetic fabrics are magnetized to a human body because they are charged with an opposite polarity static. Most natural fabrics are not magnetized to a human body because of the same polarity static. They may even slightly repel each other. That is why body particles didn't get repelled in discharged areas of the shroud. Body particles covered all shroud areas in accordance with their level of static electric charge. Those areas had most static level didn't accept particles at all.
     Two more facts add to this version. It is known an electro-photographic process can reproduce a halftone image to certain degree of accuracy. Different densities of a created image are represented not by darkness of a black dye, but by a number of black dye particles per area. This is similar to TSOT image. Another fact is the image of hair on TSOT. How could it be imprinted on the shroud? It has no sufficient amount of decomposing particles to be evaporated. It doesn't absorb any substantial irradiation of any kind to be imprinted at the same density as the body. But it can easily remove static from the shroud as well as body does. That's why the hair on TSOT image is of the same density as the density of the body.
 
TSOT 3-D data and 3-D image analysis resulted in the following major conclusions:
1. TSOT is not a fake.
2. The image has not been created using a radial projection.
3. The image was created due to the shroud and the body interaction.
4. TSOT may be the first electro-photographic image ever known.

¹ Pseudoscopic effect occurs when the left eye sees what the right eye must see and vice-versa. The resulting image represents bumps as holes and holes as bumps. Bumps (outstanding parts) in reality are in front of other parts so they hide some areas behind them. As a result becoming holes in a pseudoscopic image they still hide the same areas of holes now being in front of them.
² No 3-D animation can even closely induce real volumetric impression. It is used in this report as only a way to introduce a recovered 3-D data on a common flat media.

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